(1)如果不考虑全球微观史的视角,微观史研究领域的现状可以参见如下学者的评论,Sigurdur Gylfi Magnússon/István M.Szijártó,What Is Microhistory? Theory and Practice,London,2013。关于20世纪90年代末的争论状态的信息,可以参见Jürgen Schlumbohm(Hg.),Mikrogeschichte-Makrogeschichte.Komplementr oder inkommensurabel? Gttingen,1998。
(2)Albion Urdank,Birth,Death,and Religious Faith in an English Dissenting Community:A Microhistory of Nailsworth and Hinterland,1695-1837,Lanham,MD-London,2016.
(3)这个术语首先是由欧阳泰(Tonio Andrade)在他的文章提出的。Tonio Andrade "A Chinese Farmer,Two African Boys,and a Warlord:Toward a Global Microhistory",Journal of World History,Vol.21,No.4,2010,pp.573-591.
(4)Francesca Trivellato "Is There a Future for Italian Microhistory in the Age of Global History?" California Italian Studies,Vol.2,No.1,2011,published as e-paper[of 24 unnumbered pages].http://scholarship.org/uc/item/Oz94n9hq[2016-03-16]
(5)有关该论题的研究见我的一本专著,Hans Medick,Weben und überleben in Laichingen 1650-1900.Lokalgeschichte als Allgemeine Geschichte,Gttingen,1997。我的研究项目是有关近代早期世界资本主义形成时期欧洲中部的农村工业化在地区和地方的作用,在这个项目上我与哥廷根马克斯普朗克历史研究所(Gttingen Max-Planck-Institute for History)的前同事们进行了密切的合作。我的同事们的著作包括:Peter Kriedte,Taufgesinnte und groβes Kapital.Die niederrheinisch-bergischen Mennoniten und der Aufstieg des Krefelder Seidengewerbes,Gttingen,2007:Jürgen Schlumbohm,Lebenslufe,Familien,Hfe.Die Bauem und Heuerleute des Osnabrüchischen Kirchspiels Belm in proto-industrieller Zeit,1650-1860,Gttingen,1994。对我们共同使用的概念框架的研究参见Peter Kriedte,Hans Medick,Jürgen Schlumbohm,Industrialization before Industrialization Rural Industry in the Genesis of Capitalism,Cambridge-Paris,1981。
(6)它是由我此前在耶鲁大学的农业人类学家詹姆斯·斯科特(James Scott)主持的研讨会上宣读的论文修订而来,该论文已发表。Hans Medick "Weaving and Surviving in Laichingen 1650-1900.Micro-History as History and as Research Experience",in James C.Scott and Nina Bhatt,eds.,Agrarian Studies.Synthetic Work at the Cutting Edge,New Haven-London,2001,pp.283-296.
(7)Hans Medick,Weben und überleben in Laichingen 1650-1900.Lokalgeschichte als Allgemeine Geschichte,ch.6,pp.549-560.
(8)这个术语可以追溯到“有意保留的资料”(intentional documents)和“无意保留的资料”(unintentional documents)之间一个至关重要的、方法上的区别,它是由马克·布洛赫在1939年9月首先提出的("Réflexions pour le lecteur curieux de method"),德文版可见Peter Schttler(Hg.),Mare Bloch.Historiker und Wnderstandskmpfer,Frankfurt a.M.,1999,pp.227-236。我将该范畴适用于我的研究课题的启示归功于卡罗·金兹伯格的一次讲座,Carlo Ginzburg "Unintentional Revelations:Reading History against the Grain",Berlin,March 7,2016.
(9)Hans Medick,Weben und überlebenin Laichingen 1650-1900.Lokalgeschichte als Allgemeine Geschichte,pp.295-378.这是我书中第4章的标题。
(10)Hans Medick,Weben und übkrleben in Laichingen 1650-1900.Lokalgeschichte als Allgemeine Geschichte,ch.1,pp.39-140,esp.65ff,121ff
(11)目前在中国进行的讨论反映在新的英语杂志《世界历史研究》(World History Studies)上,该杂志在2014年由世界历史研究所创办,由中国的社会科学文献出版社出版,ISSN 2095-6770,第1期出版于2014年12月。
(12)Dominic Sachsenmeies,"The Evolution of World Histories",in David Christian,ed.,Introducing World History,to 10,000 BCE(Vol.1 The Cambridge World History),Cambridge,2015,pp.56-83,here 77.
(13)See on this Xiaorong Han,Chinese Discourses on the Peasant 1900-1949,New York,2005; Alexander F.Day,The Peasant in Postsocialist China:History,Politics,and Capitalism,Cambridge,2013.
(14)Susan Richter,Pflug und Steuerrder.Zur Verflechtung von Herrschaft und Landwirtschaft in der Aufklrung,Kln-Wien-Weimar,2015,here esp.ch.2.2:Das Verhltnis von Herrschaft und Landwirtschaft in China,81 ff.
(15)Helen Siu "Key Issues in Historical Anthropology:A View from 'South China'",in Cross Currents.East Asian History and Culture Review,13(December 2014),176.http://crosscurrents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-13[2016-03-17]
(16)值得一提的是,李怀印的第一本书《1875-1936年中国北方的乡村治理》,同样研究农村社会转型与1949年前晚清和民国期间的中国北方的乡村国家关系,也是从“微观史的视角”来撰写的。Huaiyin Li,Village China under Socialism and Reform:A Micro History,1948-2008,Stanford,p.XIV.
(17)Huaiyin Li,Village China under Socialism and Reform:A Micro-History,1948-2008,p.3.
(18)Anne Gerritsen "Scales of a Local:The Place of Locality in a Globalizing World",in Douglas Northrop,ed.,A Companion to World History,London,2012,pp.213-226.
(19)该中心自2001年成立以来,已经开展了由历史学家和人类学家进行的区域和地方研究项目。自2003年以来,它与香港科技大学的华南研究中心合作,出版中文的《历史与人类学》杂志,每年两期,自2010年以来,该中心与香港中文大学开展了密切的合作。http://schina.ust.hk/publications/Jour-E.html[2016-03-19]
(20)Helen Siu,"Key Issues in Historical Anthropology:A View from 'South China'",in Cross Currents:East Asian History and Culture Review,13(2014),174 ff.
(21)Helen Siu,"Key Issues in Historical Anthropology:A View from 'South China'",in Cross Currents.East Asian History and Culture Review,13(December 2014),175,cf.
(22)Eric Tagliacozzo,Helen Siu and Peter Perdue,eds.,Asia Inside Out.Connected Places,Cambridge,2015; idem,Asia Inside Out.Changing Times,Cambridge,2015.
(23)Eric Tagliacozzo,Helen Siu and Peter Perdue,eds.,Asia Inside Out.Connected Places,Introduction,p.6.
(24)Anne Gerritsen "Review of Eric Tagliacozzo,Helen Siu and Peter Perdue,eds.,Asia Inside Out.Connected Places",Journal of World History,27(2016).
(25)Eugenio Menegon,Ancestors,Virgins,and Friars:Christianity as a Local Religion in Late Imperial China,Cambridge,2009.
(26)http://blogs.bu.edu/emenegon/work-in-progress/[2016-03-18]
(27)该讲座有一个网站视频。http://sms.cam.ac.uk/media/2008626[2016-03-17]
(28)梅欧金教授2015年的剑桥演讲视频。http://sms.camac.uk/media/20086260[2016-03-17]
(29)Lynn Hunt,Writing History in the Global Era,New York-London,2014.
(30)Lynn Hunt,Writing History in the Global Era,p.60.
(31)Lynn Hunt,Writing History in the Global Era,p.66.
(32)Lynn Hunt,Writing History in the Global Era,p.69.
(33)Lynn Hunt,Writing History in the Global Era,p.64.
(34)Lynn Hunt,Writing History in the Global Era,p.133.
(35)关于微观史的概念参见Dagmar Freist "Historische Praxeologie als Mikro-Historie",in Arndt Brendecke(Hg.),Praktiken der Frühen Neuzeit.Akteure-Handlungen-Artefakte,Kln-Weimar-Wien,2015,pp.62-77;相关的个案研究参见:Dagmar Freist,"Ich schicke Dir etwas Fremdes und nicht Vertrautes".Briefpraktiken als Vergewisserungsstrategie zwischen Raum und Zeit im Kolonialgefüge der Frühen Neuzeit,in Freist(Hg.),Diskurse-Krper-Artefakte.Historischen Praxeologiein der Frühneuzeitforschung,Bielefeld,2015,pp.374-404,esp.388 ff。
(36)Freist(Hg.),Diskurse-Krper-Artefakte.Historische Praxeologie in der Frühneuzeitforschung.
(37)一个典型的项目是荷兰历史语言学家和历史学家的“作为战利品的信件(Brieven als Buit):迈向荷兰历史的非标准观”,负责人是Marijke van der Wal,他从战利品文件中的(估算)40000封左右的被充公的荷兰信件里,选择和编辑了大约1000封,通过先进的研究设施对其进行外交上的转录和数字化文集的处理并出版,关注文本及其研究的“元数据”导向。http://www.brievenalsbuit.nl/[2016-03-25];Gijsbert Rutten and Marijke J.van der Wal,Letters as Loot:A Sociolinguistic Approach to Seventeenth-and Eighteenth-century Dutch,Amsterdam-Philadelphia,2014,电子版:http://www.jbe-platform.com/content/books/9789027269577;塞布·阿斯拉尼扬(Sebouh Aslanian,UCLA)和玛格丽特·亨特(Margaret Hunt,University of Uppsala)也深入研究了基于大量证据基础上的独立微观史项目。
(38)参见这个项目的信息。http://www.prizepapers.de/[2016-03-24]
(39)这个过程是第一个具体的案例研究。Freist(Hg.),Diskurse-Krper-Arefakte.Historischen Praxeologiein der Frühneuzeitforschung.
(40)Sebouh David Aslanian,From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean:The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Mechants from New Julfa,Berkeley,2011.
(41)Linda Colley,The Ordeal of Elizabeth March:A Woman in World History,New York,2007.
(42)Natalie Zemon Davis,Trickster Travels:A Sixteenth Century Muslim between Worlds,New York,2006.
(43)Angelika Epple,Das Unternehmen Stollwerk Eine Mikrogeschichte der Globarisierung,Frankfurt a.M.,2010.
(44)John-Paul Ghobrial "The Secret Life of Elias Babylon and the Uses of Global Microhistory",Past and Present,222(2014),pp.51-93.
(45)Emma Rothschild,The Inner Life of Empires:An Eighteenth-century History,Princeton,2011.
(46)Francesca Trivellato,The Familiarity of Strangers:The Sephardic Diaspora,Livorno,and Cross-cultural Trade in the Early Modern Period,New Haven,2009.
(47)Francesca Trivellato,The Familiarity of Strangers:The Sephardic Diaspora,Livorno,and Cross-cultural Trade in the Early Modern Period,p.18.
(48)Francesca Trivellato "Is There a Future for Italian Microhistory in the Age of Global History?"; idem "Microstoria/Microhistoire/Microhistory",in French Politics,Culture and Society,33(2015),pp.1,122-134; idem,Global Microhistories:Promises,Perils,Paradoxes(2015):Ms.of contribution to panel "Europe in the Perspective of a Global Microhistory"(参见本文的第一个注释)。
(49)Francesca Trivellato,Global Microhistories:Promises,Perils,Paradoxes,Ms.,9.
(50)Francesca Trivellato,Global Microhistories:Promises,Perils,Paradoxes,Ms.,10.
(51)参见本文的第一个注释。
(52)Natalie Zemon Davis "Decentering History:Local Stories and Cultural Crossings in a Global World",History and Theory,50(2011),pp.188-202,here 190:“去中心涉及到历史学家的立场和主题。去中心的历史学家不只从世界某一部分或强大精英的制高点去讲述过去,而是要从社会或地理位置上扩展他或她的研究范围,并将多元的声音引入研究。”
(53)这个概念已经由我在后期的“跨文化视角中的自我档案”(Ego-Documents in Transcultural Perspective)研究小组内部交流的背景下发展起来了,我参加这个小组已经有好几年了。有关这个概念和小组的工作成果:Claudia Ulbrich,Hans Medick and Angelika Schaser(Hg.),Selbstzeugnis und Person:Transkulturelle Perspektiven,Kln-Weimar-Wien,2012,introduction,pp.1-19,here 17-19 。这个导言在法国出版了修订版:Claudia UIbrich,Hans Medick and Angelika Schaser; "Ecrits autobiographiques et personne.Perspectives transculturelles",in Revue Etudes de lettres(Lausanne),300(2016),pp 1-2,special issue:Appel à témoins.écrits personnels et pratiques socioculturelles( siècles)(ed.Danièle Tosato-Rigo).