Shrines to Living Men in the Ming Political Cosmos
明代政治宇宙中的生祠
//书籍信息//
作者：Sarah Schneewind
出版社：Harvard University Press
书系：Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 115
出版时间：2018年12月31日
页数：378页
//内容简介//
Shrines to Living Men in the Ming Political Cosmos, the first book focusing on premortem shrines in any era of Chinese history, places the institution at the intersection of politics and religion. When a local official left his post, grateful subjects housed an image of him in a temple, requiting his grace: that was the ideal model. By Ming times, the “living shrine” was legal, old, and justified by readings of the classics.
《明代政治宇宙中的生祠》是第一本关注中国历史上生祠的学术著作，此书将生祠置于政治与信仰之间进行研究。当某地官员离任，心存感激的民众可能将他的画像置于庙中，祈求他的恩典，这当然只是一种理想化的模式（现实中的情况更加复杂）。明代生祠具有法律性、传统性的特点，并在对经典的诠释中被合理化了。
Sarah Schneewind argues that the institution could invite and pressure officials to serve local interests; the policies that had earned a man commemoration were carved into stone beside the shrine. Since everyone recognized that elite men might honor living officials just to further their own careers, premortem shrine rhetoric stressed the role of commoners, who embraced the opportunity by initiating many living shrines. This legitimate, institutionalized political voice for commoners expands a scholarly understanding of “public opinion” in late imperial China, aligning it with the efficacy of deities to create a nascent political conception Schneewind calls the “minor Mandate of Heaven.” Her exploration of premortem shrine theory and practice illuminates Ming thought and politics, including the Donglin Party’s battle with eunuch dictator Wei Zhongxian and Gu Yanwu’s theories.
Sarah Schneewind认为，生祠能够迫使地方官为当地利益服务。有关这一纪念活动的政策会被刻石铭记，安放在祠庙旁。众所周知，由于精英可能会通过祭祀在世高官来拓展自己的权势，因此，生祠的建设更强调平民参与，建造生祠的活动能为他们提供更多的机会。这一针对平民的合法且制度化的政治表达，拓展了我们对于晚期中华帝国“公众舆论”的理解，通过使之与神明的灵验相结合，Schneewind创制了一种称之为“minor Mandate of Heaven”（次等天命）的政治概念。在探讨生祠理论与实践的过程中，她阐发自己对明代思想与政治的思考，其中包括了东林党和魏忠贤之间的斗争，以及顾炎武阐发的相关理论。
//作者简介//
Sarah Schneewind is Associate Professor of History at the University of California, San Diego.
//目录//
List of Illustrations and Tables*
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chronology
Introduction
I. Foundation and Floor
1. An Ordinary Institution
2. Parentalism
3. Worship
II. Pillars and Beams
4. Political Work
5. From Flattery to Participation
6. Commoners
III. Walls and Roof
7. A Political Investment
8. Complications
9. The Minor Mandate
Conclusion
Glossary of Chinese Terms
Bibliography
Steles and Other Primary Texts Cited by English Title
Gazetteers Cited
Other Works Cited
Index
* Illustrations and Tables
Figures
1.1. Tortoises bearing steles at a posthumous shrine
1.1. Mr. Bi’s Living Shrine
1.2. The Shrine to Local Worthies and the Shrine to Eminent Officials
2.1. Li Jing’s Premortem Shrine
4.1. Seeing off the departing magistrate
5.1. Smashing the prefect’s image
8.1. The Revering Merit and Admiring Virtue Premortem Shrine
8.2. The Responding to Grace Shrine at West Lake
8.3. Happy commoners at the Premortem Shrine of Palace Eunuch Liu Jing
9.1. Elevation of an honorary title for magistrate in a gazetteer
Tables
1.1. Contributions to Li Wenkui’s Premortem Shrine, 1607–10
6.1. Sponsors of the Living Shrine to Taiping Magistrate Zhang Tingbang
7.1. Magistrates of Shahe County and their honors
原文来自于微信公众号：复旦明清研究2019年3月5日
原文链接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/pUUKC0s_zq-D9h9d-TV51A
